Government policy is a collection of laws, regulations, and guidelines that guide the “how,” “where,” and “when” of government actions. Government policy is also about ensuring that those activities align with and advance broader social and economic objectives, such as promoting growth, reducing poverty, or protecting the environment.

While the exact nature of government policies varies by country, all countries develop their own set of rules and strategies to solve specific issues in their communities or jurisdictions. Modern policymakers rely on a range of collaboration tools and approaches to build consensus with varied constituent groups and develop comprehensive policies that deliver positive outcomes.

A variety of government agencies are responsible for developing, implementing, and executing policies in their respective areas of expertise. This includes agencies that provide essential public services, maintain law and order, regulate the economy, and protect the natural environment. Government policies shaped by these agencies serve as the foundation for the functioning of societies.

The prominence of government policies has waxed and waned over time. Before 1930, an approach of limited government (or laissez-faire) prevailed. After the Great Depression, policymakers pushed for governments to take on a more active role in the economy and society. The global financial crisis has prompted some to once again embrace a more proactive fiscal policy to help boost activity and prevent a prolonged recession.

Whether focusing on education, criminal justice, immigration, or international relations, policymakers face challenges that demand their attention. Ensure they are equipped with the right tools and resources to succeed.